Use Cases

Every international trade runs on a chain of documents — a purchase order, a commercial invoice, a bill of lading, a customs declaration, a payment. Today most are paper or PDF, carrying little assurance of who issued them or whether they have been altered.

The use cases in this section describe how each stage of a trade works when those documents are verifiable, following the trade lifecycle — order, finance, ship, clear, settle:

• Buy-Sell — the commercial flow between buyer and seller: purchase order, commercial invoice, packing list.
• Trade Finance — letters of credit, documentary collections, and supply chain finance, where verifiable documents reduce due diligence costs and broaden access for SMEs.
• Transport & Logistics — moving the goods across carriers, forwarders, and ports, including transferable records such as the electronic bill of lading.
• Border Compliance — customs clearance and regulatory compliance, where verifiable documents streamline declarations, reduce fraud, and enable risk-based processing.
• Payment & Reconciliation — settling the trade and matching the verifiable invoice to payment, where domestic tax compliance is realised.

Each scenario is multi-stakeholder and country-agnostic. The Implementation Model explains how the underlying decentralised approach works and why it scales.

To see the value each stakeholder captures across these flows — quantified as benefits against implementation cost — see the Business Cases.